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Mossi upper volta11/12/2023 More than one million of the country's 21 million inhabitants are internally displaced persons. Several militias, partly allied with the Islamic State (IS) or al-Qaeda, operate in Burkina Faso and across the border in Mali and Niger. He served as the country's president until 1987 when he was deposed and assassinated in a coup led by Blaise Compaoré, who became president and ruled the country until his removal on 31 October 2014.īurkina Faso has been severely affected by the rise of Islamist terrorism in the Sahel since the mid-2010s. As president, Sankara embarked on a series of ambitious socioeconomic reforms which included a nationwide literacy campaign, land redistribution to peasants, provided vaccinations to over 2 million children, railway and road construction, equalized access to education, and the outlawing of female genital mutilation, forced marriages, and polygamy. Thomas Sankara came to power following a successful coup in 1982. Various coups have also taken place in the country, in 1966, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1987, and twice in 2022, in January and in September, as well as an attempt in 1989 and another in 2015. Since it gained its independence, the country was subject to instability, droughts, famines and corruption. In 1960, it gained full independence with Maurice Yaméogo as president. In 1896, it was colonized by the French as part of French West Africa in 1958, Upper Volta became a self-governing colony within the French Community. They established powerful kingdoms such as the Ouagadougou, Tenkodogo, and Yatenga. The largest ethnic group in Burkina Faso is the Mossi people, who settled the area in the 11th and 13th centuries. Its name is often translated into English as the "Land of Honest Men". Its citizens are known as Burkinabè ( / b ɜːr ˈ k iː n ə b eɪ/ bur- KEE-nə-bay), and its capital and largest city is Ouagadougou. Previously called Republic of Upper Volta (1958–1984), it was renamed Burkina Faso by President Thomas Sankara. As of 2021, the country had an estimated population of 20,321,378. The policies and debates that shaped the colonial history of Burkina Faso, while important in themselves, are a reflection of the larger West African history and French colonial policy.Burkina Faso ( UK: / b ər ˌ k iː n ə ˈ f æ s oʊ/ bər- KEE-nə FASS-oh, US: /- ˈ f ɑː s oʊ/ ⓘ - FAH-soh French:, Fula: □□□□□□□ □□□□) is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of 274,200 km 2 (105,900 sq mi), bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and the Ivory Coast to the southwest. In 1960, Upper Volta gained its independence, but the nation experienced a new beginning in 1983 when it was renamed Burkina Faso by the revolutionary government of Thomas Sankara. It was recreated after World War II as an Overseas Territory (Territoire d’Outre-mer) within the newly created French Union (Union française). Dismantled in 1932, Upper Volta was partitioned among neighboring colonies. Following a major anticolonial war in 1915–16, the colony of Upper Volta with Ouagadougou as its capital was created in 1919, for security reasons and as a labor reservoir for neighboring colonies. In 1905, the military territory was integrated in the civilian colony of Upper Senegal and Niger with headquarters in Bamako. Following the French colonial conquest in 1896, a military territory was established over a large part of what would become Upper Volta. Burkina Faso has a remarkable history owing to repeated dissolution and reunification of its territory.
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